Electonic Identification: what is it and what information it has on it

Electronic identification

16 October 2024

E-identification is the process by which a person can confirm their identity in a digital environment using various electronic means: smart cards, apps or biometrics. E-identification can simplify many everyday tasks related to accessing various services and resources, as well as increase the level of security and protection of personal data.

In this article, let’s take a look at what e-identification is, what types of e-identification exist and how it is used in the modern world.

What types of e-ID are there?

Electronic identification (e-ID) is a process by which a person can confirm their identity in a digital environment. It is an important element of modern life as it allows secure access to various services and resources such as e-government, banking, social media, and more.

There are several basic types of electronic identification:

  • Smart cards. These are plastic cards equipped with a microprocessor and a chip storing the owner’s personal data. They can be used for authentication when accessing electronic services, signing documents and other purposes. Examples: national ID cards, driver’s licenses, bank cards with a chip.
  • Mobile applications. Applications installed on mobile devices that allow users to authenticate with a PIN, fingerprint, or facial recognition. Examples: banking apps, apps for accessing government services, apps for securely logging into corporate systems.
  • Biometrics. Fingerprints, iris scans or facial recognition can be used for e-ID. Biometrics are unique to each individual and provide a high level of security. Examples: access to mobile devices, access control systems for office buildings, airport security systems.
  • Digital certificates. These are electronic documents that prove the identity of the holder and their right to use certain resources or services. They can be used for secure data transfer, signing electronic documents, and authentication. Examples: certificates for access to corporate systems, certificates for signing electronic documents.

It is worth mentioning separately national electronic identities (not implemented in all countries). These are official documents issued by the state that contain electronic identification data of the holder. National e-IDs allow citizens to securely identify themselves in the digital environment when receiving public services, making financial transactions, etc.

Applications of electronic identification

Electronic identification finds wide application in various spheres:

  • Government services. Electronic IDs allow citizens to access government online services, such as filing tax returns, registering vehicles, receiving social benefits, etc.
  • Financial transactions. Electronic identification plays a key role in the banking industry, providing secure access to online banking, mobile payments and other financial services. It helps prevent fraud and protect users’ financial data.
  • Corporate Security. E-identification is used to control access to corporate systems, networks and resources. It allows you to protect confidential information and restrict access to authorized employees only.
  • E-healthcare. Electronic identification is used to access patient medical records, prescriptions and other medical services digitally. This improves efficiency and quality of care and protects data privacy.
  • E-learning. E-ID is used in distance learning systems, allowing students to securely access educational resources and take exams online. This enhances access to and quality of education.

The use of e-ID contributes to increased accessibility and security of information.

Possible problems of E-ID

One of the main problems is the issue of reliability. Can we be sure that an e-ID system really protects users’ personal data and ensures that only they have access to their information? This is especially true in an era of growing cybercrime, where hackers are becoming more inventive and sophisticated in their methods.

Is it reliable?

In order for a system to be reliable, it is necessary to provide a high level of protection for users’ personal data. This involves the use of advanced encryption technologies, multi-factor authentication and other security measures. It is also important that the system be resistant to hacking and other forms of cyber-attacks. Most e-ID systems have these security measures in place.

Is it secure?

Even if a system is secure, there is a risk of data leakage, hacking or other forms of unauthorized access. To ensure security, it is important to implement best security practices, including encryption, biometric authentication, and strong access controls. In addition, it is important to conduct regular security audits and respond promptly to any vulnerabilities identified.

We recommend choosing only reliable and trusted electronic identification systems!

Electronic identification in Estonia

Estonia is one of the leading countries in e-government and digital services. The country has made significant investments in infrastructure development and innovative technologies to provide its citizens with reliable and convenient ways to identify and access public and private services.

One of the key elements of e-identification in Estonia is the X-Road system. It is a secure platform that allows various public and private information systems to exchange data securely. Thanks to X-Road, citizens can access a wide range of electronic services: filing tax returns, registering vehicles, making doctor’s appointments, etc.

ID card in Estonia

One of the popular and best electronic identifications in Estonia is the ID card. It is a multifunctional document that combines traditional ID card functions with digital identification and signature capabilities.

This document not only confirms the owner’s identity, but also serves as a key to a wide range of electronic services. With the ID-card, citizens can securely identify themselves when using government portals, banking applications, sign documents electronically and even vote in elections.

List of the most popular e-services used by e-residents in Estonia:

  • Tax filing (e-Tax Board);
  • company registration (e-Business Register);
  • managing bank accounts (internet banking);
  • applying for various licenses and permits (e-Permits);
  • applying for electronic signatures (e-Residency);
  • use of government electronic services (e-Government Services);
  • medical records and doctor’s appointments (e-Health);
  • voting in elections (i-Voting);
  • education and training system (e-Education);
  • trading platforms and marketplaces (e-Commerce);
  • document management and electronic signature (e-Signature);
  • public procurement (e-Procurement);
  • reporting and auditing systems (e-Reporting);
  • human resources management systems (e-HR);
  • project management systems (e-Project Management).

One of the key advantages of the Estonian ID card is its high level of security. The card is equipped with a chip that stores the owner’s personal data, as well as digital certificates for authentication and electronic signature. These technologies ensure reliable protection of personal information.

The future of e-identification

Today, electronic identification has already firmly entered our lives. We use it to access various online services, make financial transactions, confirm our identity with government agencies, and much more. However, this is only the beginning of the journey, and in the near future we will witness even more sweeping changes in this area.

One of the key trends will be the transition to the concept of “digital identity”. Instead of traditional physical documents, we will use digital identity cards. They will contain not only basic identification data, but also extended information about us, such as medical records, education, financial history, and more.

This approach will allow us to significantly simplify and speed up many everyday processes. Instead of having to carry around many different documents, we will be able to use a single digital identity for a wide range of tasks, from opening a bank account to obtaining government services. This will not only increase convenience, but also reduce the risks associated with lost or stolen documents.

However, the introduction of digital identities also raises security and privacy issues. Concentrating such a large amount of personal data in a digital format requires the development of robust security systems that can withstand cyber threats and information leaks. The solution to this problem may be the use of advanced technologies: blockchain and biometric identification.

In addition, it is important to ensure that users have full control over their digital identities. People should be able to independently manage access to their data and decide what information they want to disclose in different situations. This will maintain a balance between the usability of digital identities and the protection of personal privacy.

What do you think about the future of e-IDs?

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